Suppletion Definition and Examples in English Grammar

In morphology, suppletion is the use of two or more phonetically distinct roots for different forms of the same word, such as the adjective bad and its suppletive comparative form worse. Adjective: suppletive. According to  Peter O. Mà ¼ller et al., the term strong  suppletion is  used where the allomorphs are highly dissimilar and/or have different etymological origins, as in the adjective forms good and best. We speak of weak suppletion if some similarity is discernible, as in the words five and fifth (Word-Formation: An International Handbook of the Languages of Europe, 2015). Examples and Observations Bad - worse is a case of suppletion. Worse is clearly semantically related to bad in exactly the same way as, for example, larger is related to large, but there is no morphological relationship between the two words, i.e. there is no phonetic similarity between them.(J.R. Hurford et al., Semantics: A Coursebook, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2007)Suppletion is said to take place when the syntax requires a form of a lexeme that is not morphologically predictable. In English, the paradigm for the verb be is characterized by suppletion. Am, are, is, was, were, and be have completely different phonological shapes, and they are not predictable on the basis of the paradigms of other English verbs. We also find suppletion with pronouns. Compare I and me or she and her. Suppletion is most likely to be found in the paradigms of high-frequency words. . ..(Mark Aronoff and Kirsten Fudeman, What Is Morphology? 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell, 2011) Good, Better, Best The forms good, better and best, which belong to the adjective good . . . show suppletion since the relationship between the morphs representing the root morpheme is phonologically arbitrary. It would plainly make no sense to claim that there is a single underlying representation in the dictionary from which go and went or good and better are derived. The best we can do is to content ourselves with listing these allomorphs together under the same entry in the dictionary. (Francis Katamba, English Words, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2005) Origins of the Forms of Be and Go The Old English verb for be, like its Modern English counterpart, combined forms of what were originally four different verbs (seen in the present-day forms be, am, are, was). Paradigms that thus combine historically unrelated forms are called suppletive.Another suppletive verb is gan go, whose preterit eode was doubtless from the same Indo-European root as the Latin verb eo go. Modern English has lost the eode preterit but has found a new suppletive form for go in went, the irregular preterit of wend (compare send-sent). (John Algeo and Thomas Pyles, The Origins and Development of the English Language, 5th ed. Thomson Wadsworth, 2005). Origin of the Term  Suppletion in Linguistics The term suppletion gradually makes its way into grammatical descriptions and other linguistic works in the late 19th century (Osthoff 1899; Thomas 1899:79). In grammars it was probably triggered by the preceding notion of a defective paradigm; e.g. if a verb lacks a form in a certain category, it is supplied by some other verb.In linguistic theory of the 20th century, suppletion came to be fully established as a concept with the advent of structuralism, where the relation between form and meaning as well as the understanding of paradigmatic relationships became very important for a synchronic language description. (Ljuba N. Veselinova, Suppletion in Verb Paradigms: Bits and Pieces of the Puzzle. John Benjamins, 2006) Etymology From the Latin, to supply, make up a whole Pronunciation: se-PLEE-shen

Literature Review - Managerial Skills - 2326 Words

LiIntroduction History of Management Tanz (2003) provided a brief history of management over the period 1909 to 2001. He notes that despite all the advancement of almost a century we still do not know what quantifies management, and alludes that maybe some theorist in the next century will come along and discover the key to managing. Tanz (2003) accredits Peter Drucker as the most influential and wide ranging management thinker of the 20th century. Drucker’s work is still being used today in many organizations. Tanz (2003) also makes mention of Frederick Winslow Taylor who created â€Å"Taylorism† which encouraged management to see employees as replaceable. There was a big change in the late 1920’s to another style of management,†¦show more content†¦Of interest are his findings on human development. Browne covers both technical and human development. He looks at human development over time and human’s willingness to continually adjust and adapt learning princip les based on our environment. Browne also touches on executive development, technological organization and career development as a factor in employee and employer communications. Morton, Brookes, Smart, Backhouse and Burns (2004) introduce teams, organizational structure and the boundaries of organizational grouping. This research paper concentrates on informal social networks and in group communication. Also covered are team members and the varying skills each individual brings to a group effort and the potential for improving organizational performance. Managing Brumback (2010) looks at the old management style of narrowed training and experience, no product allegiance, savvy, imagination or vision. This type of management style no longer exists as todays manager are required to be involved in strategic planning, directing the organization and themselves. Brumback defines management as follows: management should exclusively mean a process of getting work done and, more precisely, getting work done by self-managing individuals at lower levels, with everyone being a performance manager and no one being above or having authority over another. He critiques Henry Mintzberg’s book written on the topic of Managing, specifically hisShow MoreRelatedIndustrial Attachment Report Format1101 Words   |  5 Pagesable to apply some of the concepts, knowledge, skills and attitudes you had acquired at AU in the work environment.] 4.2 New Skills Acquired [4] [Report on things that you could not do prior to going on attachment that you could now do or perform better after attachment.] 5. Managerial Problem[s] Identified [7] [No organisation is perfect; therefore you cannot say you did not notice any problem in the organisation. 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The Mood Disorder

Question: Explain The Mood Disorder. Answer: The term Mood Disorder in psychology is used to refer to the disturbances in moods or emotions. In general, human moods run between deep and intense sadness to extreme happiness, however under normal conditions people stay in between these two extreme conditions (Bora et al., 2012). Major depressive disorder is one of the major mood disorders, the symptoms of this disorder is a depressed mood, which may be too severe for the condition or may cone without any external cause of sadness. People who are suffering from this disease remain depressed throughout the day, sleeps more, experience loss of appetite and many more other symptoms (Pompili et al. 2012). Reference List: Bora, E., Fornito, A., Pantelis, C., Ycel, M. (2012). Gray matter abnormalities in major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of voxel based morphometry studies. Journal of affective disorders, 138(1), 9-18. Pompili, M., Innamorati, M., Rihmer, Z., Gonda, X., Serafini, G., Akiskal, H., ... Perugi, G. (2012). Cyclothymicdepressiveanxious temperament pattern is related to suicide risk in 346 patients with major mood disorders. Journal of affective disorders, 136(3), 405-411.

Social Location Essay Example

Social Location Paper To begin I would like to define exactly what social location is, according to Heinlein, Social location is the group memberships that people have because of their location in history and society. Social location has to do with a persons age, race, gender, Job, income, and education. (Heinlein 201 5 peg) Our book says, To find out why people do what they do, we look at social location (Heinlein, 2015 peg). And I believe it also tells who we are so, my next words are in fact who I am. First, I am a mother and a wife, a woman. As of right now I am what society sees as the norm for a mother and wife role. My Husband goes to work and I stay home and take care of our two small children. I cook, clean, and make sure everything is overall always in order at home. While I feel like this is expected because my husband works, I do still think that if I did too, or only, or if he did not, that I would still typically be expected to maintain the household and the children. While some can see this as an advantage, there are also ions. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Location specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Social Location specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Social Location specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Such as, woman are seen as weaker, and/or easier targets. Also, there are something that are so much easier for men, Like being uneducated and still being able to get and rise statuses within a Job. Next, I am white. I do believe In society It Is easier to be a white woman than any other race. It Is more accepted and I am more privileged. Even though I see this as really unfair, races are not treated equally or fairly. Then, I am a Christian. As a woman In church all may know we are far less powerful than the men. We do Sunday school, BBS, cook, clean, and are a pretty voice In the choir. We do not preach, teach or make any decisions. In church I would be the underdog, or not thought of as highly. I would say we are a middle class family. My husband works hard to make as much money as possible. We do not live a dream life, yet we do not go without. I would say that there are some advantages and disadvantages to being middle class. Advantage being that we have everything that we NEED, and a disadvantage being that we have to work harder and longer for the hinge that we want. My social location Is a network of different statuses. All of which allow me to feel powerful or not so much, It allows me to speak or stay silent, depending on where I am or who I am with. Hansel says The sociological perspective stresses the social contexts In which people live. It examines how these contexts Influence peoples lives. (Hansel 201 5) and In my case Social location establishes who I am. Hansel,J. (2015 peg 3). Sociology: A down-to-earth approach. Core concepts. Boston, MA: Pearson Publishing social Location By differentiation what they do, we look at social location (Heinlein, 201 5 peg). And I believe it also tells something that are so much easier for men, like being uneducated and still being able to get and rise statuses within a Job. Next, I am white. I do believe in society it is easier to be a white woman than any other race. It is more accepted and I am more fairly. Then, I am a Christian. As a woman in church all may know we are far less in the choir. We do not preach, teach or make any decisions. In church I would be the My social location is a network of different statuses. All of which allow me to feel powerful or not so much, it allows me to speak or stay silent, depending on where I am or who I am with. Heinlein says The sociological perspective stresses the social contexts in which people live. It examines how these contexts influence peoples lives. (Heinlein 201 5) and in my case Social location establishes who I am.